List of the Names of the Rulers of Egypt until the End of the Roman Period (1)

Names of the Rulers of Ancient Egypt (1)

List of the Names of the Rulers of Egypt until the End of the Roman Period

Note: All the dates are before Christ except for the period of Roman rule. The first name is the “Horus name” or the “coronation name” (throne name: Nesu-bity), while the second name between the parentheses is the personal name “birth name” (Sa-Re).

Pre-Dynastic Period ……………………………… 5000 – 3000

Badarian Culture …………………………………… 5000 – 4000

Naqada I Culture (Amratian) ……………………… 4000 – 3500

Naqada II Culture (Gerzean) ……………………… 3500 – 3150

Naqada III Culture ………………………………… 3150 – 3000

Dynasty 0

Ny-Hor

¹ Reference has been made to the most recent opinions on the chronology and the order of the kings in ancient Egypt for the Dynastic Period and what followed it, taken from the following reference (and relying on other references):
– Aidan DODSON and Dyan HILTON, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, Thames & Hudson Ltd (London, 2004). First published in Egypt in 2004 by The American University in Cairo Press, First paperback edition (Cairo, 2005), 287–294; also: www.The Pharaohs Network: Second Intermediate Period; cf. www.The Xenophile Historian: A LIST OF THE PHARAOHS OF ANCIENT EGYPT AND THE KINGS OF ANCIENT NUBIA.

² The term “Culture” has been used here instead of the term “Period” or the term “Civilisation” which is more common in the Arabic and Western references, because there is a difference between the concept of the first term and the concept of the other two terms, which does not correspond to the cultures (and not the civilisations) of each of the sites of the Prehistoric Period. For more on this usage and the difference between those terms, see: Hussein Mo’nis, Civilisation: A Study of Its Origins, Factors of Its Rise and Development, ‘Alam al-Ma‘rifa, First edition: No. 1 (Kuwait: National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters, January 1978), Second edition: No. 237 (Kuwait, September 1998), Chapter Six: Culture and Civilisation, 369–403.

Hat-Hor

[………]

[………]

Pe-Hor

Iry-Hor (Ro)

Ka (or Sekhen)

Scorpion (the Second)

Horus the Crocodile (or Horus-Sobek?)

Old Kingdom ……………………………………… 3150 – 2117

[A] Early Dynastic Period (Archaic Period) …… 3150 – 2584

First Dynasty ……………………………………… 3150 – 2890

1. Narmer (Meni) ………………………………… c. 3150

2. Aha ……………………………………………… c. 3150

3. Djer (Itet) ……………………………………… c. 3000

4. Djet (Iti) ……………………………………… c. 2980

5. Den (Semti) …………………………………… c. 2950

6. * Merneith ……………………………………… [c. 2950]

7. Anedjib (Merpibia) …………………………… c. 2900

8. Semerkhet (Iry-nebty) ………………………… c. 2890

* Senecht (?) …………………………………… Northern Rebel

Senefer-ka (?) …………………………………… Northern Rebel

Second Dynasty ………………………………… 2890 – 2584

1. Hotepsekhemwy (Bau-neter) ………………… c. 2890

2. Raneb (or Nebre / Kakau) …………………… c. 2865

3. Nynetjer (Ny-neter) ……………………………

4. ??? (Weneg) ……………………………………

5. ??? (Sened) ……………………………………

6. Horus: Sekhemib (Per-en-maat) …………… c. 2700
/ (then) Seth: Peribsen (Per-ib-sen)

7. ??? (Neferkare) ………………………………

8. ??? (Neferkasokar) ……………………………

9. ??? (Hudjefa) …………………………………

10. Khasekhem (then became) Horus and Seth: Khasekhemwy (Nebwy-hotep-imef) …… (27 years) 2611 – 2584

[B] Period of the Pyramid Builders …………… 2584 – 2117

Third Dynasty …………………………………… 2584 – 2520

1. Netjerikhet (Djoser) ………………………… (19 years) 2584 – 2565

2. Sanakht / (Nebka) …………………………… (9 years) 2565 – 2556

3. Sekhemkhet (Djoserty) ……………………… (6 years) 2556 – 2550

4. Khaba (Teti?) ………………………………… (6 years) 2550 – 2544

5. Qahedjet (?) (Huni: Neferkare) …………… (24 years) 2544 – 2520

Fourth Dynasty ………………………………… 2520 – 2392

1. Horus: Nebmaat (Sneferu) ………………… (50 years) 2520 – 2470

2. Horus: Medjedu (Khufu) …………………… (23 years) 2470 – 2447

3. Horus: Kheper (Djedefre / Radjedef) ……… (8 years) 2447 – 2439

4. Nebkaure (Sethka?) ………………………… 2439 – 2437

5. Horus: Userib (Khafre) …………………… (23 years) 2437 – 2414

6. Horus: Kakhet (Menkaure) ………………… (18 years) 2414 – 2396

7. Horus: Shepseskhet (Shepseskaf) ………… (4 years) 2396 – 2392

8. * Khentkaus ………………………………… (two years according to the Turin Papyrus) (2392? – 2394?)

Fifth Dynasty …………………………………… 2392 – 2282

1. Horus: Irymaat (Userkaf) ………………… (7 years) 2392 – 2385

2. Horus: Nebkhau (Sahure) ………………… (12 years) 2385 – 2373

3. Neferirkare (Kakai) ………………………… (10 years) 2373 – 2363

4. Shepseskare (Isi) …………………………… (1 year) 2363 – 2362

5. Horus: Neferkhau (Neferefre) …………… (3 years) 2362 – 2359

6. Niuserre (Ini) ………………………………… (11 years) 2359 – 2348

7. Menkauhor (Ikauhor) ……………………… (8 years) 2348 – 2340

8. Djedkare (Isesi) …………………………… (28 years) 2340 – 2312

9. Horus: Wadjtawy (Unis, or Unas) ……… (30 years) 2312 – 2282

Sixth Dynasty …………………………………… 2282 – 2117

1. Horus: Seheteptawy (Teti) ………………… (12 years) 2282 – 2270

2. Userkare (……………………) …………… 2270 – 2265

3. Nefer-sa-Hor / Meryre (Pepi I) …………… (46 years) 2265 – 2219

4. Merenre (Nemtyemsaf I) …………………… (7 years) 2219 – 2212

5. Neferkare (Pepi II) ………………………… (94 years) 2212 – 2118

6. Merenre (?) (Nemtyemsaf II) ……………… (1 year) 2118 – 2117

7. * Nitocris (Nitokris) ………………………… (two years?)

Seventh and Eighth Dynasties ………………… c. 2117 – ……

1. Neferkare (personal name Sa-Re: ???) ……

2. Menkare (???) ………………………………

3. Neferkare (???) ………………………………

4. Neferkare (Neby) ……………………………

5. Djedkare (Shemay) …………………………

6. Neferkare (Khendu) …………………………

7. Merenhor (???) ………………………………

8. Nikare (???) …………………………………

9. Neferkare (Teruru) …………………………

10. Neferkauhor (???) …………………………

11. Neferkare (Pepiseneb) ……………………

12. Neferkamin (Anu) …………………………

13. Qakare (Ibi I) ……………………………… (4 years)

14. Neferkaure (???) ……………………………

15. Neferkauhor (Khuihapi) ……………………

16. Neferirkare (???) ……………………………

First Intermediate Period ……………………… …… – 2066

Ninth and Tenth Dynasties …………………… 2160 – 2025

1. Meryibre (Khety, or Akhtoy I) ……………

2. Neferkare (???) ………………………………

3. Wahkare (Khety, or Akhtoy II) ……………

4. ??? (Senenre?) ………………………………

5. Neferkare (Khety, or Akhtoy III) …………

6. Mery-[…] (Khety, or Akhtoy IV) …………

7. Merihat (Merihat) ……………………………

8. ??? (Mery-Hathor) …………………………

9. Nebkaure (Khety, or Akhtoy V) ……………

10. Merykare (???) ………………………………

11. ??? (???) …………………………………… c. 2040

Rulers of Thebes (first half of the Eleventh Dynasty) … 2160 – 2066

1. Horus: Tepia (Mentuhotep I, the Ancestor) … 2160 –

2. Horus: Sehertawy (Intef I) ………………… – 2123

3. Horus: Wahankh (Intef II) ………………… (49 years) 2123 – 2074

4. Horus: Nakhtnebtepnefer (Intef III) ……… (8 years) 2074 – 2066

Middle Kingdom ………………………………… 2066 – 1781

Second half of the Eleventh Dynasty ……… 2066 – 1994

5. Nebhepetre (Mentuhotep II) ……………… (52 years) 2066 – 2014

6. Sankhkare (Mentuhotep III) ……………… (13 years) 2014 – 2001

7. Nebtawyre (Mentuhotep IV) ……………… (7 years) 2001 – 1994

Twelfth Dynasty ………………………………… 1994 – 1781

1. Sehetepibre (Amenemhat I) ……………… (30 years) 1994 – 1964

2. Kheperkare (Senusret I) …………………… (45 years) 1974 – 1929

3. Nubkhaure (Amenemhat II) ……………… (36 years) 1932 – 1896

4. Khakheperre (Senusret II) ………………… (20 years) 1900 – 1880

5. Khakaure (Senusret III) …………………… (41 years) 1881 – 1840

6. Nimaatre (Amenemhat III) ………………… (48 years) 1842 – 1798?

7. Maakherure (Amenemhat IV) …………… (13 years) 1798 – 1785

8. * Queen Sobekkare (Sobekneferu) ……… (4 years) 1785 – 1781

Thirteenth Dynasty ……………………………… 1781 – ……

1. Sekhemre-khutawi (Sobekhotep I) ……… (3 years)

2. Sekhemkare (Amenemhat-senebef) ……… (3 years)

3. Nerikare (???) ……………………………… (1 year)

4. Sekhemkare (Amenemhat V) ……………… (3 years)

5. Sehetepibre I (Qemau) …………………… (2 years)

6. Sankhibre (Iufni – Amenemhat VI) ……… (3 years)

7. Semenkare (Nebnuni) ………………………

8. ??? (Iufni) ……………………………………

9. Sehetepibre II (Hor – Nedjehri-enef) ……

10. Sewadjkare (???) ……………………………

11. Nedjemibre (???) ……………………………

12. Khaankhre (Sobekhotep II) ………………

13. Sekhemre-khutawi (Reniseneb) ……………

14. Autibre (Hor I) ………………………………

15. Sedjefakare (Kay – Amenemhat VII) ……

16. Khutawyre (Wegaf) …………………………

17. Userkare / Khutawyre-maatre (Khendjer) …

18. Semenkhkare (Imira-mesha) ………………

19. Sehetepikare (Intef IV) ……………………

20. Meribre (Sety) ………………………………

21. Sekhemre-sewadjtawy (Sobekhotep III) … (3 years)

22. Khasekhemre (Neferhotep I) ……………… (11 years)

23. Menwadjre (?) (Sihathor) ………………… (? years)

24. Khaneferre (Sobekhotep IV) ………………

25. Merhotepre (Sobekhotep V) ………………

26. Khahetepre (Sobekhotep VI) ……………… (4 years)

27. Wahibre (Iaib) ……………………………… (10 years)

28. Merneferre (Ay / Aya) …………………… (23 years)

29. Merhetepre (Ini I) ………………………… (2 years)

30. Sankhenre (Sewadjtu) ………………………

31. Mersekhemre (Ined) …………………………

32. Sewadjkare (Hori) ……………………………

33. Merkawre (Sobekhotep VII) ………………

34. Mersehepesre (Ini II) ………………………

Module Key Takeaways

  • The list covers Egyptian rulers from the Pre-Dynastic Period through the Thirteenth Dynasty, arranged by dynasty and chronological dates.
  • Each ruler entry includes the Horus or coronation name and, where available, the personal birth name with regnal years.
  • The chronology follows Dodson and Hilton’s reference and notes variations in dating for early periods.

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